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CELIAC DISEASE – FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO ADVANCED THERAPIES

Celiac Disease (CD) or Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy (GSE) is a life‐long disorder. It is
characterized by inflammation in the small intestine of genetically predisposed
individuals caused by inappropriate immune response to gluten, a protein enriched in
some of our common grains (wheat, rye and barley). The toxicity of gluten is
manifested by the autoimmune action of T‐lymphocytes on mucosal cells in the small
intestine, disrupting its vital function of absorbing
nutrients from food. Epidemiological studies conducted during the past decade
revealed that CD is one of the most common lifelong disorders worldwide. CD can
manifest with a previously unsuspected range of clinical presentations, including the
typical malabsorption syndrome and a spectrum of symptoms potentially affecting
any organ system. Since CD is often atypical or even silent on clinical ground, many
cases remain undiagnosed and exposed to the risk of long term complications, such as
anemia and other hematological complications, osteoporosis, neurological
complications or cancer.

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